5.Plagiarism and Referencing

Plagiarism and Referencing

What is Plagiarism

“Plagiarism is using other people’s ideas and words without clearly acknowledging the source of that information.” Indiana University Bloomington (2004)

We all learn from other people's ideas, we learn from theory's that have been proved in the past ,whether it's on human behaviour or how children learn speak and use language.  We read about these theorists in our college books and hear about them in our lectures. We discuss their ideas in class and we use their theories and facts to prove or to back up our own understanding and opinions. So it is very important that we reference the source and give credit to the theorist whose facts we are using in our studies.

How to Avoid Plagiarism

“To avoid plagiarism, you must give credit whenever you use another person's idea, opinion, or theory; any facts, statistics, graphs, drawings, any pieces of information that are not common knowledge; quotations of another person's actual spoken or written words; or paraphrase of another person's spoken or written words.” Indiana University Bloomington (2004)

What is referencing

Referencing is giving credit to the person or theorists work by stating who wrote the material. Here are some helpful tips below and a link to a Harvard Referencing tutorial 

• If you have read a book and use the information but in your own words always reference the book.

• If you take the information directly from the source, Use” quotations marks at the start and the finish, use the author surname, year and page number.
  

• If you are citing something from a book, use the author's surname, year of the book and page number.
  

• If there are more than two authors in the book that you are referencing, use the first authors surname and et al instead of the other authors , Byrne et al (2009 p.29), Put all authors names in your Bibliography.
  

Reference List

• Image PB WORKS (online) available at http://oliveharveycollegelibraryguides.pbworks.com/w/page/47192856/Plagiarism accessed on the 07/12/12
• Harvard Tutorial (2005) (online) available at  http://www3.ul.ie/referencing/index.html accessed on the 06/12/12
• Indiana University Bloomington (2004) (online) available at http://www.indiana.edu/~wts/pamphlets/plagiarism.shtml accessed on the 06/12/12
• Images, Information Literacy (2012)  (Online) available at http://ixion.cput.ac.za/library_2/infoLit/referencing.htm accessed on the 07/12/12 

4.Literature Review on Psychology( Classical Conditioning)

Review on Classical Conditioning 

The piece of literature I am going to review is in relation to an area I have recently studied in my psychology coursework. The two books I have used for my reviews are Psychology for Social Care by Emma O'Brien and Simply Psychology by Michael W.Eysench.I decided to review Classical Conditioning. 

This topic examines why we are afraid of certain things like spiders or rats. We are not born afraid of these things; is this type of behaviour innate(in us) or learned.

To describe classical conditioning Eysenck (2002 p.97) refers to the experiment of Pavlov (1849-1936). Pavlov carried out an experiment on a dog; he noticed the dog used to salivate to the sight of food. Pavlov found he could train the dog to salivate to other stimulus. He presented a bell just before the food on a number of occasions, so that the bell signalled that food would be arriving soon. Finally, he presented the bell on its own with food following. He found that the dog salivated to the bell. The dog had learned a conditioned reflex.

When I reviewed my second book Psychology for social care O'Brien also uses Pavlov experiment to explain classical conditioning, but argues he came across it by accident. O'Brien (2011 p.60) states that Pavlov had been studying digestion in dogs when he noticed the dogs began to salivate upon hearing footsteps of the researcher bringing their food. This observation set Pavlov on a new path of exploration.

What is the relevance of this for social care?" Pavlov believed that if something like salivation could be conditioned then it might also be possible to apply the process to bodily processes that affect illness and mental disorders. Nowadays the principals of classical conditioning are applied in the treatment of phobias and in aversion therapies.” O'Brien (2011 p.60) 

Reference List

• ·        Eysenck W, M (2002) , Simply Psychology 2^nd Edition (2002) New York, Psychology press.

• ·         Image (online) available at :http://blog.lib.umn.edu/meriw007/psy_1001/2011/10/pavlovs-conditioned-reflex.php accessed on the 28/11/2012

• ·         O'Brien (2011) Psychology for Social Care, an Irish Perspective, Dublin, Gills and Macmillan.

• ·         Indian express limited (2012) (online) available at http://www.indianexpress.com/news/parents-pass-on-irrational-fear-of-snakes-to-children/742339 accesed on the 07/12/12.